Climate of India , Factors affecting Climate of India
Climate of India
Factors affecting Climate of India.
India is the home to an extraordinary variety of climate.
- Tropical in the south
- Temperzate and Alpine in the Himalayas
- Tropical Monsoon in North India.
Land areas of north of the country have continental climate with severe conditions that alternate with cold winters when temprature plunge to freeze point in contrast to the coastal regions of the country, where are Wentz is '' some regions variation in Temprature, winds and rainfall as follows:
Temperature : whilein summers the mercury occasionally touches 55°c in the western Rajasthan, it drops to as -45°c in drass and leh. In general, coastal areas experiences less contrast in Temprature conditions. Seasonal contrast are more in the interior of the country (Punjab, Haryana, North west UP, Kutch region).
In central places, there is high difference between day and night Temprature. In the Thar Desert, the day Temprature may rise to 50°c and drops down to hear freezing point during night at the same point. On the other there is hardly any difference in day and night temprature in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the coastal regions.
Winds and Rainfall; variations are noticeable not only the amount of precipitation but also in the type of precipitation. The amount rainfall in 'Meghalaya' exceeds 1080 cm, whereas it is less than 10 cm in Rajasthan desert and on the North-west Himalayas, such as in the Ladakh region and western Rajasthan.
The Western coast from kerela to Northern tip of Maharashtra, receives very heavy rainfall during july and August, while coromandal coast (Eastern coast including Tamil Nadu), a 1000 km to south goes generally dry there for months and get wet in autumn and winter while dryness is all over India.
Western Disturbances brings rainfall to the Northern parts of the country during winter in Tamil Nadu it is the 'North-East' Monsoon that causes rains.
Interior regions such as Punjab, Haryana, North West UP and Kutch regions have difference in Temprature i,e very high temprature in summer (Tropical) and very low temprature in winter (sub tropical). These having continental locations 'while' the regions affected by ocean City (Western Ghats) such as Mumbai, the konkan and the Malaba coast have hardly any range. The only state of India which experiences both tropical and temperate climate conditions and vegetation accordingly is Sikkim.
Some Factors Affecting the Climate of India.
1). Location and Latitudes Extent : The mainland of India extends roughly 8°N to 37°N and the tropic of cancer passes through the middle of the country. Areas south of the tropic of cancer are closer to the equator and experiences high temprature through out the year.on the other lie in the warm zone, they experience low temprature particularly in winters.
2). Distance from the Sea : the Areas which lies near the coast have moderate influence of sea on the other hand, interior locations are deprived of the same and experiences extreme or continental climate.
3). Monsoon winds : The complete reversal in the duration of winds in India brings about a sudden change in seasons. The harsh summer season suddenly giving way to the eagerly awaited monsoon or rainy seasons. The influence of these winds is so far reaching on India's climate that it termed as monsoon type of climate.
4). Western Disturbances and Tropical cyclones : The influence of westerly Jet winds , storms from the Mediterranean sea, affected winter conditions over Himalayan regions and most and the northern plains.
The Tropical cyclones are developed in the bay of Bengal. The direction and the frequency of these cyclones influence wheather conditions over most of the parts of India along with the Eastern Coast during retreating monsoon season.
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