Education in Jammu and Kashmir
Historical Aspect:
The development of education in Jammu and Kashmir started in 1857 during the reign of Maharaja Ranbir Singh.
He set up the Vidya Vilaas Press, which was the first press in Jammu and Kashmir, to translate books into Sanskrit.
The first Western and modern school in Kashmir was established in 1880 by J. Hilton Knowles at the premises of a missionary hospital in Srinagar.
This school was originally known as the Church Mission Society Boys School. It is now called the Tyndale Biscoe School, named after Cecil Canon Tyndale Biscoe, a British missionary who became the school principal in 1893. The school motto is edu 4 all things .
The Tyndale Biscoe School is often considered as the one that introduced the modern education system in Kashmir.
To promote education among illiterate Kashmiri Muslims, an organization called Anjum-e-Nusrat-ul-Islam was founded in 1899 by Mirwaiz Rasool Shah.
The first female school in Jammu was the Gurmat Kanya Pathshala, while in Srinagar, a lady from the British Church Mission opened a school for girls in 1890.
In 1930, the government made primary education compulsory and focused more on basic primary, secondary, and adult education in the state.
Education Setup in J and K:
Education in Jammu and Kashmir is divided into primary, middle, higher secondary, college, and university levels.
The state follows a 10+2 education pattern for children, managed by the Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education (JKBOSE).
In addition, there are several Kendriya Vidyalayas and Indian Army schools that provide secondary-level education. These schools follow the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) curriculum.
JKBOSE:
The Jammu and Kashmir Board of School Education was established in 1975.
Its role includes advising the government on policies related to elementary, secondary, higher secondary education, and other matters concerning the promotion of education for all.
Literacy Rate:
According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in Jammu and Kashmir is 67.16%, which is lower than the national average of 74.04%.
The female literacy rate is 56.43%.
It is a positive trend that literacy has increased from 22.95% in 1961 to 67.16% in 2011.
The district with the highest literacy rate in Jammu and Kashmir is Jammu (83.45%), while Ramban has the lowest literacy rate (54.27%).
Educational Infrastructure:
Type of Institution Numbers
1. Schools / Colleges 24,265
2. Number of Students 27.41 lakh
3. Higher Education Institutes 5,292
4. Degree PG Colleges 95
5. Central Universities 02
6. State Universities 10
7. Industrial Training Institutes 60
8. Polytechnics 32
9. Educational Training Colleges 12
Higher Education in J and K:
The Jammu and Kashmir Higher Education Department is the governing body for all higher education institutions in the Union Territory.
This department is responsible for planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the functioning of all institutions under its jurisdiction.
It also oversees the administrative, academic, quality, and monitoring aspects of all government institutions.
The University of Jammu and Kashmir:
Immediately after independence in 1948, the state government established an Institute for conducting examinations, with its headquarters in Srinagar.
Justice J.N. Wazir was the Honourable Vice Chancellor.
After the establishment of three postgraduate departments of English in Srinagar and Economics and Geology in Jammury in 1956, a full-fledged university, the University of Jammu and Kashmir, was formed, with Mr. A.A. Fyzee as Vice Chancellor.
Construction work on the campus began with the laying of the foundation stone for the Arts Faculty Block by the then State Prime Minister, Bhakshi Ghulam Mohammad, on June 5, 1959.
The faculty was commissioned on August 1, 1960, by Dr. S. Radha Krishnan, the then Vice President of India.
In 1969, the University of Jammu and Kashmir was split into two separate universities.
The University of Jammu
The University of Kashmir.
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