Transport and Communication of India.
This post will cover your one topic from General knowlege portion (Finance Account Assistant)
Means of Transport :
We have 3 means of Transport in India.
Land transport
Water transport
AIR transport.
First we will discuss about Land tranport.
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1). Land transport :- their are three means of Land transport.
ROAD TRANSPORT.
RAILWAY TRANSPORT.
PIPELINE TRANSPORT.
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a). Road transport) :- India has one the second largest Road tranport in the world with a total length of 58 Lakh kms.
About 80% of passengers and 70% of freight traffic are carried out by roads.
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National highways :- national highways are maintained by Central goverment, the national highways Authority of India (NHAI) was operationalised in 1995 under ministry of surface transport. these roads connects the state capital, major cities, important ports, railway junctions.
The length of National highways in india is about 142,126 km as of of April 2019 Constitutes only 2% of total road length , but carry 40% of the Road traffic.
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National Highway Development projects
a). Golden Quadrilateral :- 5846 kms long 4/6 lane connects four Big metro cities of Delhi Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkatta.
b). North-South and East-west corridors :-
North-south corridor connects srinagar with kanyakumari its 4076 kms long road.
East-west corridor connects porbandar (Gujarat with Silchar (Assam) total length of this road is 3640 kms.
_______________________________________________b). State Highways) :- these Roads are constructed and maintained by State Goverments. These roads connects State capital with district headquarter and other important towns , state highways constitutes 4% of the total
road length.
C). District Roads) :- District roads are connecting link between District headquarters and the other other important nodes in the district. District roads constitutes 14% of the total road length of the country.
d). Rural roads) :- providing links in the rural areas. Rural roads constitutes 80% of the total road length.
e). Other roads):- these Roads include Border roads and international highways.
The (BRO) border Road Organisation was established in may 1960 for important roads along with the northern and north eastern boundary of the country. It has constructed roads on high Altitude mountaineous terrain joining chandigarh with Manali and leh. BRO Borde Road Organisation also maintains snow clearance in high altitude areas.
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Major projects
Bharatmala umbrella scheme.
This project is for the over all developments of state roads, along coastal border areas, backward areas religious and tourist places.
Setubharatam pariyojana.
This project For the construction of about 1500 Major Bridges and 200 rail over bridges, rail under bridges, District headquarter connectivity scheme for the development of about 9000 kms newly declared National highways. This project was lauched by PM Modi on 4 march 2016.
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Also read Rivers in India
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RAILWAY TRANSPORT.
One of the longest railway network in the world. Railways system of india facilates the movement of both freight and passengers for long transportation
Mahatma Ghandi said : the Indian railways brought people of diverse culture together to contribute to india's freedom struggle.
Indian railways was introduced in 1853, when a line was constructed from Bombay to Thane, of 34 kms
The total length of railways is 95,981 kms as on 2019.
The indian railway system has been divided into 18 zones.
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Gauges are based on the track length of the Indian Railways, three categories have been made.
Broad Gauge , Metre Gauge, Narrow Gauge.
Broad Gauge :- the distance between rails in the Broad gauge is 1.676 metres. The total length Broad Gauge lines was 62,891 km in March 2019.
Metre Gauge :- distance between rails is 1 metre. Total length of metre gauge lines is . 2,839 kilometres as on 31 march 2019.
Narrow Gauge:- Distance between rails is 0.6 or 0.7 metres. The total length of narrow gauge lines is 2297 km in 2019.
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Konkan Railways :-
760 km long konkan rail route connecting Roha;Maharashtra to Manglore; Karnataka. With 2000 bridges and 91 tunnels. Asia's longest lies on this route.
This rail route runs along thd Indian west Coast p parallel to Arabian sea and Western Ghats.
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Water transport
Water transport is important for both pessengers and cargo traffic in india. Water transport is considered as the cheapest means of transport before development of Railways.
Inland waterways :-
Before Establishment of Railway network it was the cheif mode of transport . India has 14,500 kms of navigable waterways, contributing 1% to the country's transport.
At present, 5658 km of major rivers are navigable by merchanised flat bottom vessels.
The inland waterways Authority was set up in 1986: is responsible for the development and maintance of National water ways.
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Water ways
NW1:- it is the longest waterway in india, also called Ganga (Bhagirathi_Hooghly river system) is located in India and runs from Haldia to Prayagraj across the Ganges and Hooghly river systems It is 1,620 kms long
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NW2:- Sadiya-Dhubri 891 kms stretch of the Brahmaputra river , located in the state of Assam.
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NW3:- Kollam to Kottapuram 205-km stretch. It includes 168 kms of west Coast canal along with champakara canal and udyogmandal canal
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NW4:- specified stretch of 1095 kms of Godawari and krishna rivers along with kakinada puducherry stretch.
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NW5 :- Specified stretch of river Brahmani along with matai river. Delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East coast channel.
623 ksm long.
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OCEAN ROUTES
India has vast coast line of approx 7517 km Including islands.
12 major and 185 minor ports
95 %of Foreighn trade by volume and 70% of value moves through ocean routes.
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AIR TRANSPORT
Air transport in india made its beginning in 1911 when Airmail operation commenced over a little distance of 10km between Allahabad and Naina.
But real development took place in post independent period. The (AAI)Airport Authority of India is providing safe , efficient Air traffic.
In india air transport is managed by Air India, providing both National and International services.
History of Indian Airlines.
1911-> Air transport in India was launched between Allahabad and Naina.
1947 - Air transport was provided 4 major companies.
a). (Indian National Airways)
b). (TATA sons Limited)
c). (Airservice of India)
d). (Deccan Airways)
1951-Four more companies joined the service.
1. (Bharat Airlines)
2. (Himalayan Aviation Limited)
3. (Airways India)
4. (Kalinga Airlines)
1953- Airport transport was nationalised and two companies, Air India International and International Airlines was formed.
Pawan Hans :- it's a the helicopter service operating in hilly areas like J&k
Oil and Gas Pipelines.
Oil India Limited
Incorporated in 1959 as a company.
Asias First country cross country Pipeline covering a distance of 1,157 kms.
In Assam to Baurani refinery in Bihar .this pipline is furthur extended to kanpur in 1966.
Another extensive Network.
Recently, a 1256 kms long pipeline was constricted -connecting salaya (Gujurat) with Mathura (U.P).
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Communication.. Topic will be uploded seperately
.... For suggestions comment below....
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